The typical dose of penicillin for a horse is 3cc (3mL) of Penicillin (300,000 IU/mL) per pound, injected into the muscle 2 times a day for 7 days. A 1000lb horse would get 30cc twice a day. It is very important to give this medication in the MUSCLE ONLY.
How many CC of penicillin to give a horse?
- Penicillin. These preparations can be irritating and when administered improperly can cause nerve damage. Anyone administering this drug should be thoroughly familiar with safe injection sites. No more than 10 cc should be given per injection site for an adult horse, 5 cc for a foal, and even less in very small foals.
How much penicillin do I inject?
Adults and teenagers—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 33.3 to 87.5 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) (15.1 to 39.8 mg per pound) of body weight, injected into a vein or muscle every four to six hours; or 3 to 4 grams every four to six hours.
How much penicillin do you give a 1000 pound horse?
The typical dose of penicillin for a horse is 3cc (3mL) of Penicillin (300,000 IU/mL) per pound, injected into the muscle 2 times a day for 7 days. A 1000lb horse would get 30cc twice a day. It is very important to give this medication in the MUSCLE ONLY.
Can you give injectable penicillin orally to a horse?
Penicillin V given orally was thus shown to be an acceptable alternative to parenteral administration of penicillin in the horse.
Where should penicillin be injected?
Penicillin G benzathine must be injected slowly and deeply into a muscle of the buttock or hip. Do not inject this medicine near or into an artery, vein, or nerve. Dangerous or fatal side effects could occur. Prepare an injection only when you are ready to give it.
What is the best antibiotic for horses?
Antibiotics Used for Horses Oral antibiotics routinely used in adult horses (except for some EPM drugs that only kill protozoa) are doxycycline and combinations of trimethoprim and a sulfa drug. Other types of oral antibiotics carry a higher risk of causing colic, severe diarrhea, and even death.
When do you give a horse penicillin?
Penicillin Injectable is indicated for treatment of bacterial pneumonia (shipping fever) caused by Pasteurella multocida in cattle and sheep, erysipelas caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in swine, and strangles caused by Streptococcus equi in horses.
Can you give penicillin subcutaneously?
Repository penicillins provide tissue depots from which the drug is absorbed over hours in the case of procaine penicillin or over days in the case of benzathine penicillin. Repository penicillins are only for intramuscular use and cannot be used intravenously or subcutaneously.
What does penicillin treat in horses?
Penicillin is the drug of choice for treatment of streptococcal infections in horses.
How many days should penicillin be taken?
To help clear up your infection completely, keep taking this medicine for the full time of treatment, even if you begin to feel better after a few days. If you have a ”strep” infection, you should keep taking this medicine for at least 10 days. This is especially important in ”strep” infections.
How long does it take for antibiotics to work in horses?
This can take about 48 hours, but it’s time well spent if it helps us choose the most effective antibiotic. Not only will your horse recover more quickly, but we won’t be contributing to resistance with a half-hearted treatment that leaves stronger organisms behind.
How long should a horse be on antibiotics?
Often, the medication must be given two or three times a day, for five days or a week at minimum. Sometimes that treatment needs to go on for months. Usually only one antibiotic is prescribed. In less common cases, two or even three at the same time may be necessary.
How Much Penicillin Can You Give a Horse?
Hobbling on the forelegs (1) has been a traditional horseman’s technique from the dawn of the horsemanship. states Dennis Moreland, owner of Dennis Moreland Tack, “Hobble breaking a horse is basic common sense.” The animal learns to stand calmly without being tethered or saddled throughout the early stages of training, making it more controlled. It also teaches a horse that having a leg restrained is not a reason to fear when it is done on both front and rear legs with the aid of a hobble or a sideline.
Many horsemen start a colt’s training program by introducing him to hobbles early on, teaching him a valuable lesson that he will remember for the rest of his career.
The workshop will be written and illustrated by Phil Livingston.
It is possible that they will not be able to break the pawing behavior, but they will teach patience and will prevent holes in the ground from appearing.
- During non-use, the Figure 8 can be buckled over the horse’s neck or looped through a rear cinch dee (3), which is the most preferred design.
- Hobbles can be manufactured out of harness or latigo leather, as well as rawhide that has been twisted or braided.
- A large number of colt starts utilized gunny (burlap) feed bags until the material became outdated a few years ago.
- If the colt got cantankerous, the soft burlap would not “burn” the legs.
- Many different variations are available.
- When two metal rings are sewed in, they should be 4-6 inches apart.
- There was a distinct form of hobble-one used by the vaqueros of the Pacific coast that is still in use today.
It was fastened by a braided rawhide button at either end of the cuff, which was secured by a braided keeper.
Training a horse not to move while crippled was a specialty of the Californians.
They also didn’t want a halter to brush up against their horses’ noses, dulling their horses’ sensitivity to the braided rawhide hackamore.
Before it could be used, the horse had to be broken with a hobble.
In addition, a long line was attached to them and tied to the rider’s wrist.
In many cases, staking a horse to graze is no longer done since it is now recognized as being hazardous in many situations and is not encouraged.
Staking their saddled night horses near camp was a common practice among trail driving cowboys.
For each warrior to keep on his saddle, a metal picket pin was provided.
Uncontrolled behavior in a restrained animal can cause injury.
Hobble breaking should be done in short bursts, just like any other training activity.
A horseman’s tool that has stood the test of time is the hob.
Never know when you’re going to need a pair of these babies.
Each hobble sideline is manufactured by hand from latigo and stainless steel, with small center pieces to prevent horses from going through the hobbles.
In order to avoid scorching or hair loss on the legs, the latigo leather is soft on them. Please contact us at 817-312-5305 if you have any questions concerning hobbles and sidelines. In addition to being a full-line maker of handcrafted tack, our team is always here to assist you!
What is the Purpose of Penicillin?
Perhaps you’ve heard the term “Penicillin” before, and perhaps you even have a bottle of the antibiotic in your medical cabinet at home. But do you know what Penicillin is or what it does? Do you know what it is called? Penicillin is a bactericide that is employed in the treatment of infectious diseases. Essentially, its major role is to penetrate affected regions of the skin andflesh in order to destroy bacteria that has accumulated there. Before using Penicillin, a veterinarian should examine the affected regions, however it is common for veterinarians to recommend that it be used.|
Who is Penicillin for?
Penicillin is a medication that may be used on any animal, including humans. Penicillin, on the other hand, is available in a variety of forms to treat different types of organisms. Penicillin G Procaine is indicated for use in the treatment of horses, cows, pigs, and sheep in this particular instance. There are also several distinct forms of Penicillin, each of which may be delivered in a variety of ways, that are acceptable for use in humans, cats, dogs, and several other animals. All of the many sorts of illnesses that penicillin may treat are found in all of the diverse branches of life that it can reach.
In a similar vein, various kinds of Penicillin require distinct methods of administration.
Penicillin is available in an injectable version for horses, which is given using a syringe.
The incorrect use of a syringe might result in serious injury to you or your horse.
How Do You Give A Horse Penicillin?
The syringe should have a needle with a gauge of 16 or 18 and be approximately 1.5 inches in length. It should be disinfected and cleaned thoroughly before usage in order to prevent the spread of illness. In addition, they should be sterilized before usage. Using the syringe, inject the horse’s muscles at his hips, hind end, upper legs, and neck, depending on the type of injection. A syringe should never be used to inject medication into a blood vessel or within a few inches of a major nerve or nerve region.
It is important to remember that while administering Penicillin to your horse over a period of several days, each injection should be given in a different part of his body, and that no two injections should be given in exactly the same spot within the same injection period.
As a precaution, if you are unclear of how your horse will respond to injections, or you know for a fact that your horse misbehaves when injected, you should have someone there to assist keep him from moving and injuring himself and anyone around him.
How Much Penicillin Should You Give a Horse?
Finally, what is the safest amount of Penicillin to administer to your horse? Assume your veterinarian has prescribed Penicillin for your horse to treat an infected region, and you are confident in your ability to administer an injection using a syringe. So, what do you do now? Horses can get one milliliter of Penicillin for every 100 pounds of body weight, administered once per day. To put it another way, if your horse weighs around 1,000 pounds, he might receive 10.0mL of Penicillin once per day.
If your veterinarian recommends using the 1.0mL for every 100 pounds technique to get the right dosage, the dosage will, of course, be determined by the size and weight of your horse.
The weight of your horse should be able to be determined by your veterinarian just by looking at him, but it never hurts to have your horse properly weighed from time to time, just in case something like this happens.
Penicillin For Horse
Depending on the condition, horses may only require one Penicillin injection, or they may require several injections over a period of several days, a week, or even a month. Your veterinarian will be able to advise you on the appropriate length of time for your horse’s therapy. In certain circumstances, a recommended time will be followed by a return; the revisit will determine whether the prescribed duration should be extended or whether the horse has recovered sufficiently to be weaned off the Penicillin.
Conclusion
Penicillin offers a wide range of applications for a wide range of animals, both human and animal! The use of this medication on horses is particularly beneficial in the treatment of bacterial illnesses, albeit one must exercise caution and obtain veterinarian guidance before doing so. Penicillin can be administered to horses at a rate of up to 1.0mL per 100 pounds of body weight per horse. All of this will be determined by the size and density of each individual horse. Before administering or utilizing Penicillin on your horse, be certain that you are familiar with the procedure.
If so, please spread the word about this article and share your experiences with using Penicillin on horses with us!
McKee-Pownall Equine Services
Horses can be treated with a variety of drugs that are injected directly into their muscles.
Injections offer the benefit of providing more consistent dose and absorption than oral drugs, without the greater danger and complexity associated with the intravenous route of administration. The following medications are the most often administered intravenously:
- Anti-inflammatories, tranquilizers, antibiotics, vitamins, and arthritis medications such as Adequan are all available.
There are numerous medications that are not suited for intramuscular administration owing to severe tissue irritation; thus, only provide an injection under the supervision of a veterinarian. Always follow the manufacturer’s storage guidelines and properly shake up any suspensions that may have settled out.
Materials
You will require the following supplies:
- Prescription drugs, as well as the appropriate size syringe and needle The normal needle size for thinner medications is a 20 gauge 1.5 inch needle, but an 18 gauge needle is required for thicker drugs such as penicillin. The larger needle should be used if in doubt. a person to assist in restraining the horse
How To
Connect the needle to the syringe and pull out the appropriate amount of medication. It is possible that you may need to inject an equivalent volume of air to alleviate the vacuum created in glass bottles while using heavier medications. On a horse, there are various different regions that may be explored. The triangle of the neck right in front of the shoulder blade (Figure 1), the gluteals (rump; Figure 2), semitendinosis (hamstrings; Figure 3), pectorals (chest; Figure 4) and the triceps muscle are among the most commonly injured muscles in the body.
Beginners should begin with the neck, but should be prepared to move around to other areas if a series of injections is necessary.
The handler should be on the same side of the room as the person who will be injecting.
| Detach the needle from the syringe and grip the hub in your thumb and first two fingersOn the neck, firmly pinch a skin fold (Figure 5), and with the needle perpendicular to the skin, push it in straight to the hub. Practice on an orange first if you need to, it is more comfortable to the horse if you are quick and decisive when inserting the needle.On thick-skinned areas such as the rump, bump the area a few times with your fist, then “punch” the needle through to the hub (Figure 6). Attempting to insert the needle slowly usually results in a bent needle and an angry horse. If injecting the hamstrings, stand by the hip and reach across to inject the opposite side, as most horses will kick out on the needle side. Continue with the regular injection technique. |
Attach the syringe and slightly withdraw the plunger from the syringe. Any redness in the tip of the needle should be removed and the needle should be reinserted a few centimeters further away. When it comes to penicillin, this is especially important because horses can have a violent reaction if the medication gets into their system. A few drops of most other drugs will not cause a problem if they get into a small vessel, but you may notice a lump at the injection site. If everything is in order, inject the drug at a rate of approximately 5mls(cc) per second.
- Alternatively, if you are administering a larger dose, administer 15 mL, pull the needle out until it is almost out of the skin, push it back in at a different angle, check for blood, and then finish the injection.
- When you’re finished, pull the needle out of the wound and rub the area with your hand quickly.
- Horses that receive multiple injections may experience significant muscle soreness.
- If you notice a crunchy “rice crispies” sensation at the site of a previous injection, contact your veterinarian immediately.
- It is actually procaine that is responsible for the vast majority of “penicillin reactions,” which serves as a carrier and anesthetic agent for the antibiotic.
- The presence of procaine in a blood vessel results in a severe panic response.
There is no evidence of an allergic reaction. True anaphylaxis caused by penicillin is, fortunately, extremely rare and almost always fatal. Make sure to notify the veterinarian about the incident and refrain from administering any further injections.
PENICILLIN- penicillin g procaine injection, suspension
Directions for administration: The suspension should be supplied by deep intramuscular injection into the fleshy muscles of the hip, rump, round or thigh, or into the neck, with each injection being provided in a different location. Do not administer an injection subcutaneously, into a blood vessel, or in close proximity to a major nerve. Use a needle with a gauge of 16 or 18 and a length of 1.5 inches. Before using the needle and syringe, make sure they are completely clean. After that, the needle and syringe should be disinfected by immersing them in hot water for 15 to 20 minutes, depending on their size.
- The injection site should be cleaned with soap and water and then coated with a germicide such as tincture of iodine or 70 percent alcohol to protect it against contamination.
- Bring the vial to room temperature and thoroughly shake it to achieve uniform suspension.
- Using a piece of absorbent cotton soaked in 70 percent alcohol, wipe the rubber stopper on top of the vial.
- Inject air into the vial to make the extraction process simpler.
- After that, remove the needle from the syringe.
- Insert the needle deeply into the muscle, attach the syringe, and pull the plunger only a small distance.
- Removing the needle and inserting it into a different site is necessary if blood develops.
Inject the dosage carefully and steadily.
7.
Even when the fever has returned to normal and all other indicators of infection have faded, the daily medication should be continued for at least another 48 hours.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE: The recommended daily dose for cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses is 3000 units per pound of body weight, or 1 mL for every 100 pounds of body weight, administered once daily.
Veterinary attention should be sought if no improvement is evident within 48 hours.
Penicillin Injectable for Animal Use
Durvet is a company. For use in cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses, the FDA approved NADA065-010 (penicillin G procaine injectable suspension) under the NADA065-010 code. This product contains an antibiotic for intramuscular injection only and contains 300,000 units per milliliter.PLEASE READ THE WHOLE BROCHURE BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT.
Description
Penicillin Injectable is a suspension of penicillin G procaine that is available in multiple dosage vials of 100, 250, and 500 mL. It is intended to give 300,000 units of penicillin G as procaine in a stable suspension in each milliliter of solution.
In addition to being an antibacterial agent, penicillin G procaine has action against a wide range of pathogenic organisms, namely those belonging to the Gram-positive bacteria group.
Penicillin Injectable Indications
For the treatment of bacterial pneumonia (shipping fever) in cattle and sheep caused by Pasteurella multocida, for the treatment of erysipelas produced by Erythrothrix rhusiophathiain pigs, and for the treatment of strangles caused by Streptococcus equi in horses.
Directions For Use
Each injection should be administered using a needle and syringe that have been completely cleaned and sterile (needles and syringes may be sterilized in boiling water for 15 minutes). Remove the rubber cap top from the bottle and clean it with 70 percent alcohol before removing the solution from the container. The injection site should be cleansed with alcohol in a similar manner. Intramuscular injections can be performed using needles that are 16 to 18 gauge and 1 to 1.5 inches in length. A needle of appropriate gauge and length should be used in the rump, hip, or thigh region of cattle to provide intramuscular injections.
- Pulling back on the plunger gently prior to injecting the fluid is recommended.
- Penicillin Injectable is injected intramuscularly, and the recommended dosage is 1 milliliter.
- The daily dose of penicillin is 3,000 units per pound of body weight, with the maximum dose being 6,000 units (1 mL per 100 lbs body weight).
- It is recommended that treatment be limited to no more than four consecutive days.
- For each subsequent treatment, alternate the injection locations.
- When administered appropriately in the treatment of infections caused by penicillin-susceptible organisms, most animals treated with Penicillin Injectable exhibit a significant improvement within 24 to 48 hours after receiving the medication.
- It is suggested that a veterinarian be consulted for the diagnosis and treatment of any animal ailments that may arise.
It is critical to provide healthy animals with enough shelter, sanitation, and nourishment in order to keep them healthy and to treat them when they are sick.
| Residue Warnings:Exceeding the daily dosage of 3,000 units per pound of body weight, administering for more than four consecutive days, or exceeding the maximum injection site volume per injection site may result in antibiotic residues beyond the withdrawal time. Milk taken from treated dairy animals within 48 hours after the last treatment must not be used for food. Discontinue use of this drug for the following time period before treated animals are slaughtered for food:Cattle – 14 days, Sheep – 9 days, Swine – 7 days.A withdrawal period has not been established for this product in pre-ruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. |
Warning
Precautions
Intramuscular injection in cattle, sheep, and swine may result in a local tissue response that lasts longer than the withdrawal time of 14 days (cattle), 9 days (sheep), or 7 days (swine), depending on the species (swine). At the time of slaughter, this may result in significant loss of edible tissue. Animals that are hypersensitive to penicillin and procaine have been known to experience allergic or anaphylactic responses, which can be life-threatening. Reactions of this nature might occur unexpectedly and with different severity.
- If an allergic or anaphylactic response occurs, cease usage of the product and contact a veterinarian immediately for assistance.
- The administration of this medication, like with all antibiotic formulations, may result in an overgrowth of non-susceptible organisms, particularly fungus, as a side effect.
- In such cases, you should consult with your veterinarian.
- Call 1-866-591-5777 if you feel an unpleasant reaction has occurred.
- California has a drug that is restricted.
- BEFORE USING, MAKE SURE TO SHAKE WELL.
- Northern Ireland-based Norbrook Laboratories Limited is based in Newry.
| NET CONTENTS: | NDC | |
| 100 mL | 30798-236-10 | ISS19XB11 106215L03 |
| 250 mL | 30798-236-13 | ISS19XB11 018215L03 |
| 500 mL | 30798-236-17 | ISS19XB11 109215L04 |
DURVET, INC.100 S.E. MAGELLAN DRIVE, BLUE SPRINGS, MO, 64014 (CPN: 1084312.3) DURVET, INC. Animalytix LLC retains ownership of the copyright. The most recent update was made on December 2, 2021.
Penicillin – HeartlandVetSupply.com
100ml Regular – Injectable – Injectable Regular – 100ml. -on backorder from the manufacturer; expected delivery in early 2022*Must ship overnight The 250ml Regular – Injectable Regular – 250ml is currently backordered from the manufacturer and will be available in early 2022. SKU: 3520. Category: Clothing. There is no need for a veterinarian’s prescription (Rx) Required Free shipping on cooler orders of $500 or more. Guaranteed Lowest Price Matching
We will ship all cooler items Next Day Air. No refunds/guarantees will be honored for orders with Express Delivery chosen.
Brands may differ from one another.
This item not available for sale or shipment to California residents.
Among the most potent bactericides available, penicillin G is used in the treatment of infections caused mostly by penicillin-sensitive organisms such as Streptococcus equiandErysipelothrix insidiosa.
It is also effective against the gram negative organismPasteurella multocida. Penicillin G Procaine is approved for the treatment of the following conditions:
- Cattle and sheep are susceptible to bacterial pneumonia (shipping fever), which is caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. The erysipelas infection in pigs is caused by the bacteriumErysipelothrix insidiousa. Strangles in horses are caused by the bacteria Streptococcus equi.
Restricted Drug (California) – Only use as directed by your doctor. It is recommended that the suspension be provided by deep intramuscular injection into the fleshy muscles of the hip, rump, round or thigh, or into the neck, with each injection being administered in a different location. Do not administer an injection subcutaneously, into a blood vessel, or in close proximity to a major nerve. Use a needle with a gauge of 16 or 18 and a length of 1.5 inches. Before using the needle and syringe, make sure they are completely clean.
- Even when the fever has returned to normal and all other indicators of infection have faded, the daily medication should be continued for at least another 48 hours.
- The recommended dose for cattle, sheep, swine, and horses is 3000 units per pound of body weight, or 1.0 mL for every 100 pounds of body weight, given once daily to the animals.
- Veterinary attention should be sought if no improvement is evident within 48 hours.
- INDICATIONS: This product is intended for the treatment of the following bacterial illnesses in beef cattle caused by penicillin-resistant microorganisms that are sensitive to the serum levels often found in this specific dosage form, including but not limited to:
- Bacterial Pneumonia (shipping fever complex) (Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus)
- Bacterial Pneumonia (shipping fever complex)
- Bacterial Pneumonia (shipping fever complex). Infections of the upper respiratory tract, such as Rhinitis or Pharyngitis (Corynebacterium pyogenes)
- Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei)
- And other infections
Benefits
- IMMEDIATE ACTION: A noticeable improvement can be observed within 24 to 48 hours. LONG-LASTING: When compared to penicillin G procaine alone, the duration of action is significantly longer. SQ ADMINISTRATION: Followed the recommendations of Beef Quality Assurance
- Authorized by the FDA.
Penicillin does not require a prescription. Because this is a cooler item, it must be shipped by EXPRESS Delivery to ensure that the product’s integrity is maintained. On Mondays through Thursdays, this item will be sent in a styrofoam cooler with ice packs (on orders placed before 2:00p.m.) Please see our Vaccine Shipping Schedule by clicking here. (Only registered customers have the ability to rate.)
Administering Penicillin
Yes, I am the wife of a horse trainer, but there are a handful of things about working at the barn that I despise. One of them is in the process of connecting a trailer. The second step involves administering a penicillin injection. Penicillin is a powerful antibiotic that is frequently used in horses to treat a wide range of pathogenic organisms. I believe the reason for my aversion to these sometimes required activities is that any mistake I make while doing either of them would almost certainly result in the death of an animal.
- If I give my horse a penicillin shot that doesn’t work, it might be possibly and instantly lethal.
- Using a large-diameter needle (18 gauge) for thick solutions such as penicillin is preferable, whereas a smaller-diameter needle (20 to 21 gauge) is preferable for thin, watery solutions.
- Foals are often injected intramuscularly (IM) using a 1-inch needle.
- Procaine is a local anesthetic that is linked to other anesthetics such as lidocaine, novacaine, and cocaine, believe it or not.
- However, it is necessary to take precautions to guarantee that procaine penicillin is always given intramuscularly.
- As a result of an unintentional injection into the horse’s bloodstream, procaine travels directly to the horse’s brain, causing the animal to quiver uncontrollably and fling itself over backwards.
- In order to avoid this, after you have put the needle into the specified injection site, you must gently draw back on the syringe plunger to ensure that there is no blood in the syringe.
If there is blood on the needle, remove it and start over from the beginning.
You may safely inject the penicillin into your horse when you can draw back on the plunger without any blood oozing out of the needle.
In the event that this occurs, cease usage of the penicillin and contact a veterinarian immediately.
Sometimes it can also result in a huge restriction of the airways and the death of a person suddenly.
This is something we only utilize if our cattle require it around here.
Nonetheless, if it is, keep in mind that procaine penicillin G is a highly effective antibiotic in the treatment of wound infections, secondary bacterial infections in respiratory disorders, and a variety of other injuries or diseases.
Whenever possible, speak with your veterinarian before beginning a penicillin regimen to ensure that you understand the recommended doses, frequency of administration, and withdrawal times associated with this medication.
Penicillin
- Penicillin Injectable
- Agri-Cillin
- Ambi-Pen
- Amp-Equine
- Penicillin Injectable
Description
Medicinally, penicillin is used as a bactericidal to kill bacteria that cause illnesses. It is manufactured by a type of mold and is used as an antibiotic. Penicillin is one of the most regularly used antibiotics in veterinary medicine, and it is available in a variety of forms. Penicillin belongs to several distinct classes, each of which is effective against a particular type of bacterium. Bacteria are frequently divided into two groups that have been catalogued based on their reaction to staining, a process developed by a Danish physician, Hans Christian Gram, that reveals differences in biochemical and structural properties.
- Put another way, when bacteria are stained according to study protocol, Gram-positive bacteria retain their purple color because they have a strong cell wall, but Gram-negative bacteria lose their color because they have a thin cell wall, as previously stated.
- Gram-negative bacteria, often known as proteobacteria, include bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella.
- Aminopenicillins, such as ampicillin, have a broader spectrum of activity.
- Penicillins are rapidly and widely dispersed throughout the body’s organs and tissues following intramuscular or intravenous injection.
- When taken orally, they are not well absorbed by the body.
Usage
When administered in various forms, penicillin can be effective in treating an extremely broad spectrum of infectious diseases caused by a vast variety of bacterial strains. Given the number of penicillin formulations available and the range of applications for which they are used, consulting with a trained veterinarian at the first indication of infection or sickness is essential.
Dosage and Administration
| Penicillin | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Dosage | Concentration | Period | Duration |
| Penicillin G, procaine | ||||
| Intramuscular injection 1 | 6600-16000 IU/kg | 300000 IU/ml | Daily | Up to 7 days |
| Penicillin G, sodium or potassium | ||||
| Intravenous or Intramuscular 1injection | 20000 IU/kg | 5000000 IU/ml | Every 6 to 8 hours | Up to 7 days |
Notes:
- 1 The suspension should be supplied by deep intramuscular injection into the fleshy muscles of the hip, rump, round or thigh, or into the neck, with each injection being provided in a different location. Do not administer an injection subcutaneously, into a blood vessel, or in close proximity to a major nerve. Use a needle with a gauge of 16 or 18 and a length of 1.5 inches. Before using the needle and syringe, make sure they are completely clean. After that, the needle and syringe should be disinfected by immersing them in hot water for 15 to 20 minutes, depending on their size. The injection site should be cleaned with soap and water and then coated with a germicide such as tincture of iodine or 70 percent alcohol to protect it against contamination. Following that, the product should be given according to the following procedure: Even when the fever has returned to normal and all other indicators of infection have faded, the daily medication should be continued for at least another 48 hours. Animals treated with Penicillin Injectable Suspension should detect a significant improvement within 36 to 48 hours of receiving the medication.
- Make sure the vial is at room temperature before shaking it thoroughly to achieve a consistent suspension. Remove the rubber stopper from the top of the vial and wipe it clean with a piece of absorbent cotton soaked in 70% alcohol
- Inject air into the vial to make the extraction process simpler. Make sure that once you’ve filled the syringe with liquid, the needle is empty by pushing back the plunger of the syringe until you see a little air bubble appearing. After that, remove the needle from the syringe. To inject into the muscle, insert the needle deeply into the muscle, attach the syringe, and gently withdraw the plunger. Removing the needle and inserting it into a different site if blood occurs is recommended. Slowly inject the medication. Do not massage the area where the injection was given. It is recommended that no more than 10 mL be injected in a single site.
- Only licensed veterinarians are permitted to use extra-label drugs in the treatment of animals in the context of a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship. The use of drugs in the treatment of animals by the general public (except when under the supervision of a licensed veterinarian) is prohibited. The duration of drug administration is determined by the ailment being treated, the patient’s reaction to the treatment, and the development of any side effects. Please be sure to complete the prescription, unless otherwise instructed by your veterinarian. Even if your horse appears to be feeling better, the treatment regimen should be completed in order to avoid a return of the condition. This drug may be available in different dosage forms and concentrations than those listed in the preceding table. Always double-check the medication’s label and accompanying literature for information on the medication’s form and concentration
- If the information on the label and literature disagrees, DO NOT USE THE CALCULATOR.
There are several formulas available. When it comes to dose and administration, consulting with a veterinarian is quite crucial.
Side Effects
In animals, side effects associated with penicillin use are quite infrequent.
Precautions
Because of the likelihood of cross-reactivity, penicillins should not be administered to animals who have had an adverse reaction to any antibiotics in this category or to cephalosporin antibiotics, according to the manufacturer. Advice and prescription from a trained veterinarian are always valuable in deciding the best course of action for each particular animal’s circumstances. There are several types of penicillin that have been authorized by the FDA for use with horses.
Penicillins are prescription medications, and federal law in the United States restricts their usage to licensed veterinarians or those who have obtained a legitimate written or oral order from a licensed veterinarian.
Interactions
The use of penicillin antibiotics in conjunction with bacteriostatic antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, or neomycin is not recommended. Rifampin’s action may be inhibited by the antibiotic ampicillin. Certain penicillins have been linked to bleeding in people after taking high dosages of the antibiotics When administered to horses, these penicillins should be continuously watched, especially if the horses are receiving oral anticoagulants or heparin.
Overdose
Penicillin used in extremely high dosages or as an overdose may produce neurological symptoms. Horses with impaired renal function may be more susceptible to experiencing negative consequences than other horses.
Images
Agri-Cillin Penicillin Injection is a penicillin antibiotic injection. Penicillin Aqueous Injection (Penicillin Aqueous Injection)
Literature
Unrestricted
Dose
| Species | Usage | Dose |
|---|---|---|
| Horses | For susceptible infections (Sodium penicillin G, potassium penicillin G) | 22,000-44,000 IU/kg IV q6h, given slowly |
| For susceptible infections (Procaine penicillin G) | 22,000 IU/kg IM q12h |
Brand Name(s)
Penicillin G (sodium penicillin G, potassium penicillin G, procaine penicillin G); penicillin V (potassium penicillin G); penicillin V (potassium penicillin G).
Background
A bactericidal, time-dependent -lactam antibiotic with good efficacy against numerous Gram-positive pathogens, penicillin G is ineffective against -lactamase producing Staphylococcus spp., -Streptococcus spp., or Rhodococcus equi, however. It has only a limited efficiency against bacteria belonging to the Gram-negative group. Penicillin G is broadly distributed in the plasma, however it has a low lipid solubility and does not penetrate effectively into abscesses or regions of tissue necrosis because of this.
Acceptable Uses
- Streptococcus equi (strangles) and Streptococcus zooepidemicus (upper and lower respiratory infections) are among the streptococcal infections that should be treated first. Treatment of clostridial infections, such as clostridial myositis, botulism, and tetanus
- Prevention of clostridial infections. Treatment of urinary tract infections in vulnerable individuals
- As a first-line treatment for broad-spectrum infections (such as peritonitis, pleuropneumonia, cholangiohepatitis, sepsis, or endocarditis), it is effective when combined with gentamicin. If the presence of -lactamase-producing Staphylococcusspp. or Enterobacteraceae has been ruled out by culture, treatment of orthopedic infections (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis) is indicated.
Unacceptable Uses
- It is used to treat infections caused by the Enterobacteraceaeither suspected or proven by culture. Abscesses, for example, are inactivated when they are in contact with purulent or necrotic material. Treatment of suspected staphylococcal infections based on empirical evidence
- The efficiency of a bacteriostatic antibacterial is reduced when used in conjunction with it.
Formulations Available within the OSU Pharmacy
- Penicillin gel 5ml/syringe
- Penicillin gel 10ml/syringe
- Penicillin G Potassium 20mmu injectable suspension
- Penicillin G Procaine injectable suspension (1 ml, 30 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml)
- Penicillin gel 5ml/syringe
Notes
- Excitation, seizure-like activity, and death have been reported following intravascular injection of procaine penicillin G. Procaine penicillin G should be administered intravenously exclusively. Potassium penicillin given intravenously quickly can cause head shaking/lip smacking, salivation, lacrimation, increased borborygmi, colic, agitation, and soft to liquid feces. Potassium penicillin should be administered for at least 5 minutes.
9 Steps for Giving Intramuscular Injections
Although injections are often the responsibility of a veterinarian, there are times when horse owners may be required to administer injections as well. When such circumstances happen, the veterinarian will most likely instruct the pet’s owner on how to administer an injection in a safe and proper manner. Dr Jenni Bauquier has administered tens of thousands of shots to horses while working as a veterinarian at the University of Melbourne’s U-Vet Equine Center. Jenni shares her expertise on how to make this straightforward process as safe and stress-free as possible.
The basics of injections
Typically, owners will be engaged in providing injections when their horse has been prescribed a course of medication like as penicillin or when they purchase vaccinations directly from a produce shop. If a horse requires medication that must be administered by injection, the veterinarian will inject the drug into one of three major locations: IM: Intramuscular (IM) administration is a fairly popular method of medicine delivery, and it is the only location where owners will be injecting pharmaceuticals on a regular basis.
The same arteries that deliver oxygen to the muscle also serve as ideal transportation routes for drugs throughout the body.
Think of the subcutaneous layer as the white pith that lies between the skin and the flesh of an orange, between the skin and the flesh of the orange.
Intravenous (IV): Injections into veins, which allow medication to enter the circulation immediately, are also routinely used by veterinarians to provide medication.
IV injections can also become quite bloody very rapidly, making them unsuitable for the faint of heart.
When to – and when to not – give injections
Make sure you’re comfortable and confident in your ability to administer injections before you start giving them. If you are not sure in your abilities, it is preferable to seek advice from someone who has more expertise. There is just so much advise that can be given in a magazine article! If you are not comfortable, you will become agitated, and the horse will become stressed as well, increasing the likelihood that anything will go wrong and a simple process will become a true drama. If you have a horse who is afraid of needles, it may be beneficial to bring in an expert equine behaviorist to assist you in properly addressing this issue in the long run.
- There is one video that is particularly geared for horses who are “needle-shy.” You may find it here: Search for BEVA’s YouTube Channel to get a link to the whole Don’t Break Your Vet video series produced by the organization.
- The markers highlighted in yellow on the rump are the following: 1.
- point of the buttock, 3.
- point of the buttock (tuber ischii).
- Horses and People is a piece of artwork by Cristina Wilkins.
- Also keep in mind that the horse’s neck vertebrae are located in the lower portion of the neck, near the horse’s shoulder.
Steps for stress-free intramuscular injections
Before you begin, channel your inner scout and acquire all of the items you will need. You will require the following materials:
- A needle, to be precise. a needle and a syringe The drug, such as penicillin or a vaccination (it is important to remember that vaccines are frequently delivered in a syringe with the needle already attached)
- A halter and lead rope, as well as, ideally, a skilled handler who can keep the horse under control. Rather of tying the horse up, you’re far better off having someone hold the horse and stand on the same side as you.
Step 2: Choose your destination!
It is critical that you do not inject your horse without first determining where you are going and how to get there. Your horse’s neck and rump are the two most important areas to target for your riding activities. Don’t just select one at random; instead, answer this one easy question to see which one is best for your horse! Q: Is this a one-time injection or a recurring procedure? You may also have to give your horse a number of injections over an extended period of time. For example, you may need to provide a penicillin course twice a day for five days.
- You’re in luck!
- Choose the neck as your target because it is slightly safer and easier.
- You’re in luck!
- A number of injections into the neck and rump will almost certainly be necessary.
- Why?
- So, even if it’s only a brief course of injections, remember to be gentle and avoid sticking another needle in the same location immediately afterwards — rotate instead!
Jenni proposes that you follow the rhyme ‘right at night’ as a guide. For example, if you needed to administer four shots in two days, you would do it as follows: Day 1 in the morning: left neck Day one in the afternoon: right neck Day 2 in the morning: left rump Day 2 of the PM: right rump
Step 3: Know your landmarks!
As soon as you’ve decided where you want to go, put on your comfortable walking shoes and come along for Lonely Planet’s tour to horse injection sites. The first destination is the neck. Due to the large amount of muscle present and the fact that you are a safe distance away from your horse’s rear legs, this is an excellent spot for injecting. Furthermore, being close to the horse’s head means that both you and your handler will be able to interpret your horse’s body language a little better as a result of your proximity to it.
- There are three eye-catching landmarks for you to take note of at the neck, which form a visually appealing triangle (see Image A).
- Do not be taken in by this trick!
- Jenni claims that it is this that surprises people the most.
- Unless you have a very fat pony, you should be able to feel the vertebrae if you push your fingers firmly into the bottom section of your horse’s neck.
- This should be quite straightforward to locate.
- The nuchal ligament, which connects the wither to the horse’s poll, is located at the top of the triangle.
- It is possible to inject too far into the horse’s mane and to end up in the nuchal ligament of the horse.
- Additionally, there is an increased risk of infection as well as neck discomfort or stiffness following the injection.
- When you’re down this end, pay close attention to the horse’s behavior since you’re now well and thoroughly in premium striking zone, so pay close attention to his movements.
- The closer you are to the horse, the less momentum he will be able to build up to push you into the twenty-second century if he becomes frightened and bolts.
As a result, if your horse’s coat is slightly dusty or winter-worn, you can use it as a canvas and trace the area between the landmarks to give yourself a nice, obvious target to aim for (but be careful to avoid injecting through large amounts of dirt, which is why it’s important to strike the right balance).
This is the bony point on the horse’s rump that is the highest on the midline of the horse’s rump.
When you slide down approximately 30cm from the base of the tail, you will feel the bony protuberance known as the tuber coxae.Landmark 3: the tuber coxae (commonly known as the point of the hip).
Landmark number four: the very tip of the tail. This is a good, self-explanatory one. Think of a line extending from the top of the tuber to the tuber coxae, and another running from the tuber sacrale to the tuber ischii (see picture A). Inject at the point where the two lines meet.
Step 4: Assemble the needle and the syringe
You should avoid touching the metal section of the needle or the end of the syringe, since these should stay sterile throughout the procedure. You should attach your needle and syringe immediately, if they are not already linked, so that you can draw up the medication. Be cautious not to stab yourself in the process! Among other things, it is excruciatingly painful.
Step 5: Draw up the medication
Double-check that you are taking the dosage suggested by your veterinarian. To ensure the safety of the horse, you should properly destroy the needle that was used to draw up the medicine and replace it with a new one before injecting it. This will increase sterility while also ensuring that the needle is as sharp as possible for cutting through the thick skin. Contrary to common opinion, it is not required to do a particularly thorough cleansing of the injection site before to use. All that is required is the removal of any particularly noxious dirt using a brush.
What is vital to remember is that there is always one needle per injection per horse, and that the needle and syringe must be discarded.
Step 6: It’s time for the injection!
Make sure the fresh needle is separated from the syringe before using it. The exact injecting technique varies based on the individual’s personal choice, however the following is an example of a regularly utilized approach: If you’re injecting the neck, squeeze a fold of skin slightly in front of where you’ll be injecting, and then enter the needle into the muscle as smoothly and fast as possible, up to the hub (the plastic part of the needle). In order to desensitize the skin prior to the placement of the needle, it is believed that squeezing the skin would aid.
While Jenni does not recommend injecting into the rear, she does advocate using the ‘tap, tap, jab’ approach.
The notion is that by doing so, the horse will receive some kind of warning before being poked.
Step 7: Attach the syringe
Connect the syringe to the needle that has been inserted into the muscle. Once they are securely attached, forcefully withdraw the syringe from the needle! This step is critical because you must ensure that you are not in a blood artery; if pills that are intended for muscle wind up in a blood vessel, awful and dramatic things can occur. This is especially true of penicillin, which can cause serious and life-threatening complications. You must be certain that you are checking for blood at the connection between the needle and the syringe before proceeding.
If blood emerges in the needle hub, gently draw the needle back slightly within the muscle (do not entirely remove it) and redirect it to a different location.
If you have a 500kg horse, you should not inject more than 30mL into a single location at a time. If you’re administering a bigger volume than this, your veterinarian will instruct you on how to administer it in several spots.
Step 8: You’re done!
Make sure you quickly thank your horse with a scratch and a little of carrot, apple, or another favorite food afterward! It’s critical to finish on a good note since it makes the experience more enjoyable for both you and your horse. To dispose of old needles in a safe manner, place them in a hard plastic container and bring them to your veterinarian, or give them to your veterinarian during your next appointment. Needles should not be disposed of in the same trash as other household waste.
Step 9: After the injection
Make sure you thank your horse soon thereafter with a scratch and a little piece of carrot, apple, or similar favorite treat of him. In order to make the experience more enjoyable for both you and your horse, it is critical to conclude on a positive note. Keep used needles in a hard plastic container and bring them to your veterinarian or give them to your veterinarian at your next appointment for safe sharps disposal. Nuts should not be disposed of in the same trash as other household garbage.